Is There a Real Difference Between a Neurosis and a...

Is There a Real Difference Between a Neurosis and a Psychosis A major part of clinical psychology is the diagnoses and treatment of mental disorders. This can often be difficult and controversial due to the fact that many of the disorders can be confused with others; there aren’t always clear guidelines in which to follow. An example of this confusion can be seen in the disorders Neurosis and Psychosis. Neither neurosis nor psychoses appear as major categories in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). The main reason for this is that both categories were fairly broad and included a number of mental disorders with quite dissimilar symptoms. Consequently, mental health professionals did not always agree†¦show more content†¦Some people will not walk under a ladder; a few would be really worried if you asked them to do so. They are obsessed by the thought that it is unlucky. Some people feel compelled to throw spilt salt over their shoulders. If a person is obsessed by a thought to such an extent, or compelled to perform certain actions so frequently that he/she is unable to lead a normal life he/she is suffering from obsessive-compulsive neurosis. The obsessions and compulsions take many different forms. The patient knows that they are unreasonable but are unable to control them. One of the most common compulsions is the need to wash time and time again another is extreme tidiness. The one thing all of the above disorders have in common is that all arise from external factors. So a neurosis occurs when the mind is affected by factors arising in the environment. A psychosis however, differs in that it is a mental illness arising in the mind itself. The psychosis can be divided into those in which physical disease plays a major part and those in which it does not. These subdivisions are called organic psychosis and functional psychosis. Dementia and Infective-exhaustive psychosis are the main organic psychoses. The main functional psychoses are Schizophrenia and Manic-depressive psychosis. Dementia is the mental illness associated with decay orShow MoreRelatedPersonality Paper1187 Words   |  5 Pageswho John Nash is, then you know that he has mental problems and is a diagnosed schizophrenic. Evaluation of John’s Personality With personality, a paranoid schizophrenia really cannot tell the difference between what is real and what is not real. So their personality would be going back and forth between itself. When it comes to personality disorders there are diagnoses, Obsessive-compulsive PD, Antisocial PD, Borderline PD, Avoidant PD, Dependent PD and Depressive PD. John Nash was not such a niceRead MoreSigmund Freud Commentary On Psychology1529 Words   |  7 Pagesstreak to protect this said power – in turn leading the young boy to emulate his father at all costs; as he is the one with the power to castrate the boy’s mother, and therefore the power also to castrate him. Once the distinction has been made between the woman’s penis (or lack thereof) and the fetish, Freud says this â€Å"Yes, in his mind the woman has got a penis, in spite of everything; but this penis is no longer the same as it was before. Something else has taken its place, has been appointedRead More Two Types of Madness in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1829 Words   |  8 Pagesuncontrollable by either themselves or others. His behavior is...looked upon as irrational and incomprehensible by his associates (Landis and Page 10). People with this mental disorder are usually hospitalized. There are many differing varieties of neurosis and psychosis, all are characterized by a lack of judgment, childish or incomprehensible behavior. Bernard Hart identifies the presence of complexes within the human psyche. He says that, Complexes[...]are causes which determine the behavior of theRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is Committing Criminal Acts Or Offenses By A Young Person1693 Words   |  7 Pageschances of gain outweigh any possible punishment for their actions. The psychodynamic theory is a branch of psychology that views personality is controlled by outside forces, such as, unconscious conflicts, childhood trauma, family abuse, neurosis, and psychosis (Siegel, 2014, p. 81). When referring back to Boyz n The Hood, this theory is mostly seen the in family dynamics of Doughboy and Ricky’s household. Their mother is a single mother who is seen to be verbally abusive to her boys. For exampleRead MorePersonality Disorders : Borderline Personality Disorder2908 Words   |  12 Pagesearly adulthood. Adolf Stern was the first to use the term ‘borderline’ to describe the personality disorder that acting as a mild form of schizophrenia, bordering between neurosis and psychosis (Butcher, 2012). Throughout the mid- to late- 1900’s the term adapted as interest in the disorder grew. Some theorized that BPD was a balance between cyclothymia (a milder version of bipolar disorder) and dysthymia (a mood disorder characterized by c hronic depression) -- thus characterizing it as more of an affectiveRead MoreMagical Realism As A Sense Of Psychological Mystery And Wonder3415 Words   |  14 Pagesfor fascism. While this driving force also caused the writer many problems and struggles, especially when he tried to run for Senate, its effects can be seen heavily in his literary display of the landscapes and laypeople of Italy (â€Å"Magic Realism and Real Politics†). Bontempelli’s â€Å"The Faithful Lover† won the Strega Prize in Italy, making him feel better about the â€Å"bitterness he felt over his treatment by the political and cultural establishment,† according to Luigi Fontanella (â€Å"The Faithful Lover†)Read MoreThe Theory of Object Relations4032 Words   |  17 Pagesobject-representations. I. STRUCTURE: Object An Object is a mental image of a person, a mental image colored with feelings. Kernberg’s work examines the formation of structures within the intrapsychic world of the individual. Objects may be both real or things in ones inner world (ones internalized image of himself/others). Internalizing object relations has three parts: an image of the object in the environment, an image of the self in interaction with the object, and a feeling that colorsRead MoreReligion : A Religious Experience2619 Words   |  11 Pagesin order to defend one’s self against the ‘corrupting’ influence of rationalism and on the other side, religious experience could be an inert feeling that carries the moral of every person. One may say that rationalism protects one’s self against psychosis as well as sinning while the other might say that it is only religious experience that can protect one from delusion and sin. William James and Sigmund Freud offer competing views on the specifics of religious experience and the capabilities of asRead MoreSigmund Freud And Carl Jung1830 Words   |  8 Pagesyou have all denied me will I return to you.† (Nietzsche Quoted by Jung to Freud, 1912), [McGuire, 1974] Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung became friends in 1907 during what were turning points in both of their lives. There was a twenty-year age gap between the two men, Freud being fifty-one and Jung thirty-one, but they soon became intimate friends. It seems Jung found a father figure in Freud and Freud found a student with great charisma and energy in Jung. Much of this relationship started as aRead MoreMadness as An Individual Attribute Or A Process Of Social Construction2729 Words   |  11 Pagesrelegating the experiences of the mentally ill as abnormal and something to be rejected. Subsequently, in order to establish whether madness is an individual attribute or social construction, it is important to try to analyse the various differences in representations/ allocations of madness across time and across different perspectives. This essay will provide an insight into the problematic nature of madness, by assessing the contribution of psychiatrists and psychologists, against

The Effects Of Pornographic Websites On Young Children

The internet is one of the biggest innovations of the 21st century. It is a library full of information that would be difficult to find before its creation, as well as a hub for communication with chat rooms and social media sites. For those interested in the news, fashion, or trivia, a simple search becomes a goldmine of their interests. Unfortunately, the same is also true for sexual content. Because of the internet’s accessibility, minors can find themselves exposed to inappropriate material, whether it is their intended purpose or not. Regulations of pornographic websites are still too unrefined to keep children away, as it does not ask for actual proof of one’s adulthood. While some people are opposed to internet regulation, the†¦show more content†¦While one can argue that no one can really determine what is suitable for a child’s eye, most groups believe sexual material is harmful to a child’s mental state. In their book, â€Å"Youth, Por nography, and the Internet†, Dick Thornburgh and Herbert Lin note, â€Å"content that is permissive of sexual violence or other negative sexual encounters could help to construct sexual schemas that are not beneficial for—or may even be harmful to—the young person† (148). From this information one can assume that the portrayal of sexual media on the web can change a child’s perception on sex and sexual situations, leading to imitations of bad behavior. After all, a child learns and mimics behavior from what they see from parents and school; the same may well occur with what they learn from television, music videos, and especially the internet. Not only could a child learn to imitate sexual content they have seen on the internet, but they may also become desensitized to unhealthy activities by such imagery as well. Most pornography is violent, and if they only see the abusive parts, a child could develop the idea that sexual encounters are inherently violent. As book authors Dick Thornburgh and Herbert Lin observe, â€Å"Research has shown that desensitization to media violence can result in reduced arousal and emotional disturbance while witnessing actual violence, greater hesitancy to call an adult to intervene in a witnessed physical altercation, and less sympathy for

Generative Grammar free essay sample

In theoretical linguistics, a generative grammar refers to a particular approach to the study of syntax. A generative grammar of a language attempts to give a set of rules that will correctly predict which combinations of words will form grammatical sentences. In most approaches to generative grammar, the rules will also predict the morphology of a sentence. [citation needed] Generative grammar arguably originates in the work of Noam Chomsky, beginning in the late 1950s. However, Chomsky has said that the first generative grammar in the modern sense was Paninis Sanskrit grammar. 1] Chomsky also acknowledges other historical antecedents. [2] Early versions of Chomskys theory were called transformational grammar, and this term is still used as a general term that includes his subsequent theories. There are a number of competing versions of generative grammar currently practiced within linguistics. Chomskys current theory is known as the Minimalist program. Other prominent theories include or have included dependency grammar, head-driven phrase structure grammar, lexical functional grammar, categorial grammar, relational grammar, link grammar, and tree-adjoining grammar. We will write a custom essay sample on Generative Grammar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page citation needed] Chomsky has argued that many of the properties of a generative grammar arise from an innate universal grammar. Proponents of generative grammar have argued that most grammar is not the result of communicative function and is not simply learned from the environment (see poverty of the stimulus argument). In this respect, generative grammar takes a point of view different from cognitive grammar, functional, and behaviorist theories. [citation needed] Most versions of generative grammar characterize sentences as either grammatically correct (also known as well formed) or not. The rules of a generative grammar typically function as an algorithm to predict grammaticality as a discrete (yes-or-no) result. In this respect, it differs from stochastic grammar, which considers grammaticality as a probabilistic variable. However, some work in generative grammar (e. g. recent work by Joan Bresnan) uses stochastic versions of optimality theory. [citation needed]

UAE Insurance Needs

Abu Dhabi motor insurance companies opened a new chapter in their businesses when a plan to access drivers’ information from a single database was announced. Insurance companies usually collect and store the personal information of individuals to whom they provide insurance cover.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on UAE Insurance Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accessing drivers’ information before offering them insurance cover will allow companies to decide the amount of premium to charge based on their past records. In that regard, the database will provide information that will help insurance companies to determine the level of risk associated with each applicant (Ruiz, 2014). Insurance companies have relied on vague information such as age and the nationality of applicants to issue insurance cover for many years. However, a centralized database will provide accurate and adequate in formation that will improve their operations. It will also improve road safety, reduce the number of fraudulent insurance claims filed by drivers, and enhance the process of determining the amount of premiums that applicants should pay (Ruiz, 2014). Careful drivers will pay low premiums while careless drivers will pay higher premiums. The data system will improve fairness because reckless drivers have been paying low premiums at the expense of careful drivers. I think that a common database will improve the operations of insurance companies by enabling them to issue insurance cover that is commensurate with the risk associated with different drivers. In addition, it will improve their profitability. Many insurance firms lose a lot of money because many drivers provide erroneous information in order to pay lower premiums. For instance, some individuals change their insurance companies after they get involved in road accidents because such occurrences usually result in higher premiums . Companies will not lose their clients due to fraudulent transactions that are usually initiated by reckless drivers. Insurance companies will benefit from access to accident histories of drivers who apply for insurance cover. They will get information about the number of accidents a driver has been involved in, the repairs done on their vehicle, and any insurance claims filed against their insurer (Ruiz, 2014). On the other hand, centralization of insurance information is a positive move that will save insurance companies a lot of money that is lost through fraudulent claims. According to the article, there are 35 companies that offer motor insurance and approximately 20 have agreed to share their information through a centralized database (Ruiz, 2014). Companies compete effectively in different markets due to their competitive advantages that are confidential and unknown to other firms.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Requiring insurance companies to share information with others could cause resistance among some firms because of the unwillingness to expose their operations to competitors and government agencies. Some companies might fear that sharing information could lead to loss of clients. Dubai’s Roads and Transport Authority has presented a mandatory request to all insurance companies to prepare and issue data to the common database (Ruiz, 2014). Many companies that engage in illegal financial transactions keep their operations private for fear of exposure. Sharing information with other companies and government agencies could expose companies that might have been involved in illegal activities while addressing claims filed by clients. Lack of transparency and accountability is one of the major challenges that insurance companies face. Clients provide misleading or prevaricated information in order to pay lower premiums. Lack of adequate information renders insurance companies unable to determine the real value of premiums that drivers are required to pay because they cannot determine their risk levels on the road. I think it would be irrational for some companies to reject the plan to share information with other insurance firms because the move has many benefits. Companies that have agreed to share information are aware of the benefit that they will enjoy by getting unlimited access to applicants’ profiles before issuing them with insurance cover. Drivers will be compelled to provide accurate information that matches their profiles in the database. On the other hand, insurance companies will be compelled to address all cases of insurance claims in a transparent and just manner because government agencies such as the UAE Insurance Authority will be accessing information related to their operations. A centralized database containing drivers’ information from different companies will improv e the credibility and integrity of insurance companies. This is possible because some companies support the involvement of government agencies in overseeing the activities of insurance companies. For example, the chief executive officer of Guardian Insurance Brokers supported the involvement of the UAE Insurance Authority in the resolution matters related to insurance (Ruiz, 2014). If government agencies are involved, companies will be more transparent, corruption will reduce, and clients will be treated fairly. On the other hand, drivers will not swindle insurance companies because information regarding their histories will be used to determine whether their insurance claims are legal or illegal.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on UAE Insurance Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Enhancement of honesty and transparency will improve relationships between drivers and insurance companies. It will also o blige drivers to be more careful because they will have no illegal means of altering their premiums by providing incomplete or false information to new insurers. The use of driving license and vehicle chassis number to retrieve information regarding claims will streamline the operations of insurance companies, increase efficiency, and make work easier. The move has been welcomed by many insurance companies because of the efficiency and effectiveness a centralized database will offer. However, it could also increase illegal use of people’s information. Corruption cases are on the rise among insurance companies and some could use the new information for selfish gains. On the other hand, there is no guarantee that the new system will streamline business operations because insurance companies have been accused of using dubious techniques to avoid paying insurance claims to clients. There is a possibility that companies will collude with each other in order to reduce their operati on costs and increase the premiums paid by certain drivers. There is no assurance that the system will be transparent and fair. Companies operate differently due to variations in their organizational structures and designs. Some companies possess more detailed information regarding their clients than others. Therefore, certain firms will benefit more than others. The creation of a centralized database seems beneficial to the operations of insurance companies. However, it will give certain companies a competitive edge over others because of unlimited access to information that many of them did not spend money collecting through research. On the other hand, sharing information should be optional because some companies’ policies could be against sharing their clients’ information. Relationships between customers and companies are very important and comprise a major pillar of organizational success. This move could compromise these relationships because certain clients mig ht feel violated and as a result decide to change their service providers. Reference Ruiz, R. (2014). UAE Insurers Can Now Use Single Database for Drivers’ Data. Retrieved from https://www.thenational.ae/uae/insurers-can-now-use-single-database-for-drivers-data-1.445219 This critical writing on UAE Insurance Needs was written and submitted by user Kara Stanton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Khamosh Pani review Essays

Khamosh Pani review Essays Khamosh Pani review Essay Khamosh Pani review Essay Speaking to the Constituent Assembly in 1947, MA Zinnia presented his vision for the country: If you change your past and work in the spirit that every one of you, no matter to what community he belongs, no matter what relations he had with you in the past, no matter what his color, caste, or creed is first, second, and last a citizen of his State with equal rights, privileges, and obligations, there will be no end to the progress you will make (McDermott, Gordon et. Al. 759). In subsequent months, the constitutional debates revealed the deep divisions that existed within the country. Less than 2 years after Jinnis speech, the Objectives Resolution held that Islam was to be the guiding force in Pakistanis political life. Still later, the Minor Report of 1953 concluded that an Islamic state was anathema to the ideals of political modernity and that Pakistan ought to be a liberal secular state. These two conceptions of religion set up a constitutive tension in which Salamis political significance becomes ambivalent as doctrinally inflexible, historically anachronistic, and therefore incommensurable with modern statehood. This existential tension is visualized in Sabina Sumacs film Shampoo Pain (Silent Waters). Set in a Punjabi village near Rawlins, it tells the story of Ayes, a widow raising her teenage son Salami in 1 979 just after General Siss military coup. They enjoy a mostly serene existence until radical Psalmists arrive from Lahore to induct new recruits for the jihad cause and to propagate the Colonization of the country. Initially dismissive of the zealots dour persona, the impressionable Salami is taken in by the sheer forcefulness of their rhetoric, frustrated as he is by the lack of opportunities offered by his circumstances, and perhaps threatened by the educational ambitions of his girlfriend Subside. The arrival in the village of Sikh pilgrims, coupled with Salamis growing anger and intolerance, leads to the revelation of long-buried and horrific secrets within his own family, ending with Ayes making the sacrifice that she wasnt ready to make in the turmoil of Partition. The painful meaning Of the films title becomes dreadfully clear. Several scenes depict the social transformation that takes place in Pakistan during this period: the adolescent romance of Salami and Subside to the knowledge of others in the village, Subsidys simple dreams of creating her own wealth with a mixer, a ceiling fan, and a job in a big office, a colorful wedding replete with music, dance, and drinking. With the arrival of fundamentalist forces, however, we sense the burgeoning air of terror and story in the village: the postmans fearful observation that no matter what has happened, you never hang a Prime Minister, the chatty barber being warned when he jokes about the General and his grooming ritual , the wall around the girls school being raised, shops being forced to close during amaze, the Sikh pilgrims being bullied by the zealots while at prayer, and Ayes being ostracizes unless she publicly declares her unsullied Muslim identity. The character of Salami is remarkable in his ability to project both confused aggression and intense vulnerability. His transition from the natural joy of a carefree, flute-playing young man in love in the first part of the film, to the indoctrinated and sullen faux brute of the second demonstrates the process by which political ideology leads to social transformation. His personal sense of crisis through the process is revealed in scenes such as when Salami lets his propaganda fliers float into the stream, and then shoots them in frustration, or asks his mother why she isnt proud of him. Shampoo Pain is as much Salamis story as it is Essays: a woman first scarred y the ferocious tearing apart of her family and homeland, only to be devastated years later when her son is taken from her by the new claimants of the same destructive forces. Through traumatic flashbacks, the film reveals the violence of Partition in which many women were killed by their own families or forced to commit suicide to protect their honor from rape by other men. Unable to protect his women from rape, Veers father chooses such a method of maintaining their purity and retaining the communitys masculinity. Helpless against the chaos around them, and unable to secure retention from the state, communities frequently resorted to such ritualistic executions. Such practices suggest a desire to control their destiny; a desire for agency that took womens bodies to be a site for preservation. Every refuses this fate and instead submits to violence by men from the other community and dislocation from her own. At the same time, she claims space for herself, as Muslim Ayes, in her ancestral village Charka, now located in Pakistan. The film also connects local suffering to global power. The events of 1979 that engulf Charka involve global politics, as two superpowers, the United States ND the Soviet Union, struggle for world dominance. Politicized Islam is used to generate cadres of young men willing to join the American-led jihad in Afghanistan. The internalizing of these macro processes is remarkable. In an early scene, one of the organizers from Lahore reminds his stauncher companion: were here not to fight but to convince. Reaffirmation of religion within Pakistan helps identify those who will be transformed into holy warriors. During this process, communal divisions are deployed to recognize those who belong to the polity and those who are outsiders. The importance of Shampoo Pain lies in presenting politicized Islam and its connection to communality and social transformation as a process. It serves as an important critique of state-sponsored religion and its effects on peoples lives. The film simultaneously threads some of the most controversial and emotionally blistering issues of Partition, communality, the indoctrination of disaffected youth, and what it means to be female, especially in times of conflict. The simple narrative about a widow in a Pakistani village and her boy is extraordinarily effective.

Free Essays on Bankruptcy

Ethics in Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government ezdards and commercial ezdards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual ... Free Essays on Bankruptcy Free Essays on Bankruptcy Ethics in Business From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government ezdards and commercial ezdards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual ...

Nanotechnology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nanotechnology - Assignment Example In the 1980s, K. Eric Drexler popularized the word nanotechnology by talking about building machines on the scale of molecules like robot arms, motors, and even computers into those far smaller than a cell. In the traditional sense, nanotechnology means building things from the bottom up, with an atomic precision. This theoretical ability was envisioned in the early 1959 by the renowned physicist,  Richard Feynman. A layman’s understanding of nanotechnology has evolved considerably since the progression of mainstream films like Star Wars and Science Channel documentaries, whereas before, these concepts were little known to the public and were considered to be of science fiction and in the far distant future (Johnson 103). It represents the manufacturing system which has the ability to make enough manufacturing systems implying factories can be built rapidly, cleanly and cheaply. This enables means of production to reproduce exponentially, so that in just a few weeks few nanofactories conceivably can become  billions. Nanotechnology offers great potential for benefit to humankind, and also brings severe dangers. While it is appropriate to examine carefully the risks and possible toxicity of nanoparticles and other products of nanoscale technology, the greatest hazards are posed by malicious or unwise use of molecular manufacturing. CRNs focus is on designing and promoting mechanisms for safe development and administration of MM effectively. This technology is suspected to cause cancer. Nanoparticles are tiny enough to penetrate cell membranes and defenses and they are able to cause problems by interfering with normal cell processes. Researchers at the University of Massachusetts record that such nan oparticles are presently in use in cosmetics, electronics, and chemical manufacturing, and others industries. Pacheco and her colleagues examined how two different types of nanoparticles could damage DNA in the MCF-7 line of the breast cancer cells.

Pick a stance on the rights of animals based on Peter Singer's article Essay

Pick a stance on the rights of animals based on Peter Singer's article Famine - Essay Example The concept that we try to use to extract an argument for animal rights is the concept introduced by Singer that proximity does not matter. Whilst in this particular case, the proximity spoken of was geographic, .i.e., small child in neighbor’s house vis a vis a Bengali child, the proximity could also be in terms of species. In the logic of Peter Singer, animals cannot be denied rights given humans even if they are proximally different from the latter. Animal rights can find justification in theories of right that are embedded in time. It is interesting to begin this exposition by looking at the fairly recent debate between Singer and Judge Richard Posner of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. At the heart of the debate was a statement made by Posner, that â€Å"human beings prefer their own. ... The statement that â€Å"human beings prefer their own† should in itself be subjected to critical scrutiny. Indeed, the phrase â€Å"preferring one’s own† denotes a value choice in favour of an entity or a construct that hews closely to how one perceives him or herself and possesses many of the same characteristics that he or she has. Indeed, the very same moral intuition that drives the argument of Posner is the same so-called moral intuition that has been the basis for the discrimination on the basis of gender (e.g., the discrimination against lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgenders), of race (e.g., the discrimination against blacks) and of religion (e.g., the discrimination against Islam.) History has amply demonstrated the folly of taking that statement, â€Å"human beings prefer their own†, as justified and benign. The moral equality theorists argue that there must be an equal consideration of the interests of human beings and animals. Peter Singer is perhaps one of the leading lights of animal ethics. He states the principle of moral equality as follows: The essence of the Principle of Equal Consideration of Interests is that we give equal weight in our moral deliberations to the like interests of all those affected by our actions.3 The main defense for this theory is that the properties that we ascribe to humans that distinguish them from animals are not properties  that all human beings have, and thus, the logic deployed by those who distinguish humans from animals as a means to justify unequal treatment of humans and animals may give rise to a case of discrimination. For example, not all human beings are capable of rational thought – an example would be infants. Some humans have dementia or schizophrenia. Does the argument then

Wartime Film Essay Example for Free

Wartime Film Essay If, in the midst of the true-life films all through World War II, the British films were exemplified or distinguished by their humanistic vision of man’s capability to tolerate and triumph, and the Nazi films by their intimidating bellicosity and aggression, the American films were well-known equally for their bold, nationalistic and perceptive or insightful justification of why the Americans were fighting, and for their complicated yet refined cinematic artistry. The wartime true-life film propaganda of Allied and Axis nations alike show an exaggerated depiction or representation of society, morals and power. The American films illustrate an influential and virtuous state, confident in its future to save and protect humankind from oppression, cruelty or autocracy. Based on an account made by Allan M. Winkler (1978), the propaganda used during these times â€Å"reflected the way that most ordinary Americans viewed themselves as they worked to defeat the Axis powers. † He also adds that â€Å"in the end, American propaganda reflected American policy, and indeed America itself. † A lot of of the true-life films finished throughout World War II were described or illustrated by the unchanged traits that famed the feature films of the earlier decade. They were sentimental and corny, witty and intelligent, simplistic and superficial, hard-hitting and zealous. In addition to this, not like the American true-life films of the 1930s created mainly by individual or group filmmakers on the East coast, several of the films during the period of war were completed, under the administration of Washington, by Hollywood experts in the world’s motion picture capital. This venture or project concerned an extraordinary partnership involving industry and government. As Americans were drafted into the armed forces service, so too, were cinematographers, writers, editors, and directors of Hollywood and individual films drafted into the motion picture units of military, with the resources of dominant distributors, studios, film archives and motion picture tools producers put at their disposal. The Hollywood part of this endeavor was corresponded by the War Activities Committee of the Motion Picture Industry, which was structured into seven divisions that replicated the multifaceted American motion picture industry such as distributors, theaters, newsreels, trade press, public relations, foreign markets and Hollywood production. Together with Washington were the dominant government agencies such as Justice, Inter-American Affairs, Interior, Agricultural, Treasury, State, Transportation, Civilian Defense, and definitely including War, War Information, War Production Board, and War Relocation Authority. Collectively, the movie industry and the government created or formed an astounding amount of movies of various categories or types for several functions. Several offer documentary accounts of battle and struggle, others demonstrate the national offerings to the war effort, and still others give tribute to a person’s courage, strength and valor. In the Untied States, the solitary Allied country unscathed by hostilities and war activity inside its continental boundaries, civilians had to rely for their war reports on private communication from armed personnel in the war zones, newspapers, journals, motion pictures, radio, or media prepared by the Office of War Information. National television broadcasting, the primary or main source of public information in the Vietnam War, was not present in the 1940s, and neither did the idea or notion of the â€Å"living room war. † Certainly, though their weekly attendance at the movie theaters, viewers were able to observe up-to-date newsreels and government combat movies or pictures, as well as narrative films, which offered or presented information, amusement, and getaway from their apprehensions or concerns with regards to the war. The joint venture linking Hollywood and Washington made certain or guaranteed a steady flow of suitable and well-timed information to film screens in the nation’s theaters, civilian hospitals, to industrial plants and to military camps. These movies helped Americans appreciate the very important significance of several new things, as well as the need for struggle in areas they had by no means heard of before, twenty-four-hour industrial assembly, and food rationing. This information not only informed and educated the public, but also encouraged their munificent support of the war effort. During the war, turnout was soaring at local motion picture theaters, which demonstrate to be an ideal location for advertising and selling war bonds or for accumulating financial support for such reasons or functions as war relief. In the United States, gathering support for the war endeavor was not at all times trouble-free, for numerous Americans had not only a rugged isolationist predisposition, but also a deep-rooted suspicion and disbelief in the United States administration propaganda. Industry and government leaders, who were overwhelmed by the Nazi and British film programs, were certain that film could be successful in informing the predominantly isolationist Americans of how, where, when and why they were combating and thus awaken their patriotic sympathies. According to Elmer Davis (1968), the wartime head of the Office of War Information (OWI), there were at least three other complications or hindrances to film production during the period of war. The hazard that the propaganda is a sign of partisan views particularly that of the president’s. The deficiency of military collaboration and teamwork in gathering and reporting facts, especially when it might aid or give comfort to enemy; and the belief among some members of the press that they should be free to gather the news without having to rely on a government spokesperson. During the Second World War, true-life film helped and gave support to the unification of the public in its loyalty and nationalism and to promote its support of military participation. Even though Allied films do not idealize war, they attempt to justify World War II by explaining it in clear, non-ambiguous terms. Still, bound together by a common goal, freedom from Fascist aggression and tyranny, Allied filmmakers often set aside logic and convention, as well as civic and personal values, to support the overriding idea of victory over the enemy. One of the most significant tasks of narrative feature film war propaganda, or war propaganda in general, is to create specific role models through whom filmmakers create or reinforce important values. Particularly in World War II when American pro-war propaganda films experienced their heyday, the government knew it needed to overcome an ingrained American trait: stubborn individuality. Audiences had to be shown that although in peace time, â€Å"doing one’s own thing† was an acceptable, even praiseworthy, American entrepreneurial virtue, team play and regimentation are more desirable goals in wartime. In John Ford’s â€Å"They Were Expendable† (1945), John Wayne depicts or portrays an archetypal model of the strong individualist faced with a conversion decision. Tired of no-glory milk runs in the P. T. boats to which he was assigned, Wayne wants a transfer. He’s convinced that his ambitions can only be served if he is reassigned to a destroyer, where he can make a name for himself. He even goes so far to fill out a transfer application, but tears it up when he hears the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. His ambition and search for glory must wait. Similarly, Robert Montgomery, Wayne’s P. T. boat squadron commander, is aggravated by his admiral’s reluctance to use P. T. ’s on combat missions. On one instance, the admiral, in prototypical World War II pep talk, uses a sports analogy to remind Montgomery of the need for teamwork. â€Å"You and I are professionals, if the manager says ‘sacrifice’. We lay down a bunt and let somebody else hit the home runs. † Duly chastised, Montgomery adjusts his attitude. Correspondingly, in â€Å"Crash Dive† (1943), Tyrone Power is resentful for being transferred to submarine service, especially since he has recently made a name for himself in P. T. boats, his favorite naval craft. But, through various espirit de corps-building experiences on board the submarine, the hardheaded role in the team effort to win the war. At the conclusion, with patriotic music rising in the background, Power recites a litany of naval craft, from P. T. ’s to battleships to carriers, extolling their individual contributions to team victory. Regardless of era, these films state clearly that individualism must take a back seat to the needs of the military organizations. In the American movies, the audiences are also thought from selfish to being selfless. As such, there is a great resemblance between John Carroll in â€Å"The Flying Tigers† (1942) and the characters in the previous section. Like Edmund O’Brien and James Cagney, Carroll plays a veteran pilot not used to taking orders, very short on cooperation and obedience. But Carroll offers a bridge from the previous category to this one because of his motivation: Primarily, he’s a modern-day bounty hunter out strictly for the money paid to Flying Tigers for each Japanese plane they shoot down. Unlike the other Tigers, who, like Texan Jimmy Dodd, agree that â€Å"Where I come from there doesn’t have to be a bounty on a rattlesnake to kill him,† Carroll is selfish and is only motivated by money. He abandons wingmen if he can shoot down another plane, takes reckless chances, and endangers others, all for money. But when he sees the results of Japanese bombing of an orphanage, his outlook widens. And when his irresponsibility causes the death of a fellow Tiger, Carroll repents and takes on an expiative suicide mission. Similarly, three 1943 film heroes, George Montgomery in â€Å"China Girl†, Alan Ladd in â€Å"China†, and Ward Bond in â€Å"Hitler: Dead or Alive, are concerned solely with money at the outset of their adventures. Montgomery, a salty photojournalist, is out to document the war for fame and tidy profit, and, like Carroll, is unconcerned about what is happening to the Chinese people he photographs. Ladd sells truckloads of gasoline to anyone who will pay, Chinese guerillas or the Japanese. When both protagonists experience the love of Eurasian women (Gene Tierney and Loretta Young, respectively), and witness first-hand Japanese atrocities committed against Chinese civilians, they put aside profits and personal security and protection and join the Chinese guerillas. In â€Å"Hitler: Dead of Alive†, a predominantly silly grade-B hooligan adventure movie, Ward Bond is a criminal world â€Å"big-shot† who, along with two other hooligans, accepts a million dollar agreement, let by a rich American entrepreneur to kill in cold blood or kidnap Adolph Hitler. At first only concerned with the money, Bond witnesses a Nazi â€Å"blood purge,† the killing of innocent women and children. Horrified, he discards the chance to kill Hitler. As an alternative, Bond tries no discuss an end to the war in return for the â€Å"fuhrer†, whom he has kidnapped. This unselfish effort fails, and Bond dies. But in memory of Bond’s endeavor, the industrialist nevertheless â€Å"pays off† the hooligan by making a contribution of a million dollars worth of planes to the war endeavor. In addition to this, the viewers through the films during the wartime were taught from being cowards to heroes. In Act III of Julius Caesar, â€Å"Cowards die many times before their deaths, the valiant never taste death but once† (Shakespeare, 29). Films portraying an assortment of wars have constantly managed to deal with those who faced fear and mastered it. War propaganda must address the subject of fear, and supply its audiences with reasons sufficient to convince peaceful men to engage in mortal combat. Patriotism, responsibility, revenge, espirit de corps, and other motivations are presented as explanation or rationalization for risking one’s life. Object lessons about fearful men are most helpful. That is why one of the frequently heard stock discussions in combat movies is the one in which as soldier new to combat is surprise to discover that the old sarge, or the captain is sacred too. In two occupied-country war movies, Charles Laughton in â€Å"This Land is Mine† (1943) and Roman Bohnen in â€Å"The Edge of Darkness† (1943) represent men for whom courage is a foreign concept. Although an adult in his forties, Laughton’s character is a â€Å"mamby-pamby mama’s boy†, afraid of everything, especially guns and hostility. But he lives in busy France throughout World War II, and Nazi mayhem and associated air raids are ordinary occurrences. A schoolteacher, Laughton is ashamed of himself, because he is a poor example to his students, who show no respect and mock him. But as soon as his headmaster and mentor, who had advocated or recommended him to develop into a positive model to his students, is killed by the Nazis as a retaliation for resistance activities in the area, Laughton turns out to be both furious and courageous. He candidly speaks out in opposition to the enemy, influencing the townspeople to join the fight and engage in resistance and sabotage. His students now look on him with pride and admiration. Immediately before the Germans guide him out of his classroom to be shot, he reads the French Declaration of the Rights of men to his pupils. When he is gone, he leaves a classroom complete of new young zealots for the cause of liberty. Roman Bohnen plays a salesperson in Norway in â€Å"The Edge of Darkness†. Different from Laughton, he has constantly been vocal in his hate for the Germans, and pictures himself as a soldier executing all of them. But Bohnen’s character is all harangue and chatter. In a face-to-face disagreement with a group of disdainful German troops, he has the chance to courageously say to the Nazis what he believes or thinks of them. But he becomes so frightened he can say nothing. The significance or meaning of the film is that even though as individuals, people are hard pushed to stand up to such an attacker, if each and everybody stands together, they can succeed. So when the whole village rises up as one against the Nazis, Bohnen takes his place among the men, picks up a rifle, and becomes conscious his daydreams. He unites his fellow townspeople in the annihilation of the whole German defense force. Furthermore, films were a sign of the mood of its audience when the unconcerned were portrayed and became concerned. This class or group of character conversion is moderately comparable to the selfish-selfless conversion, in view of the fact that in these situations or circumstances, concern with one’s self is often tied to a singular lack of concern for anything else. Unquestionably, Alan Ladd in â€Å"China† and George Montgomery in â€Å"China Girl† both were mainly concerned with money and fame but the unnecessary massacre of the Chinese had as much to do with their change to the reason as did the encouragements of Loretta Young and Gene Tierney. In addition to these films, Tallulah Bankhead in â€Å"Lifeboat† (1944) and Henry Hull in â€Å"Objective Burma† (1945) play journalists more interested in filing sensational stories than in the issues and outcomes of the war. Instead of helping victims of a U-Boat assault into her lifeboat, Bankhead receives movies and curses when John Hodiak unintentionally knocks her camera into the water. Hull, somewhat anti-military, uninterested and for the most part concerned with a good story, goes along with Errol Flynn on a paratrooper raid into Japanese-held territory. Despite their wishes to remain onlookers, both characters cease to be objective chroniclers and become active participants in events. The demure Bankhead in the end joins the others in savagely murdering their Nazi lifeboat-mate in retaliation for the execution of an injured man. Hull observes the remnants of American troops viciously tormented by the Japanese. Losing his usual or customary worldly cool, wilde-eyed and shaking he shouts, â€Å"Stinking little savages! Wipe ‘em out! Wipe ‘em off the face of the earth! † Earlier than the war, particularly, the documentary genre was dominantly concerned with motivating productive and significant thinking and with determining or scattering opinions and thoughts for the good of mankind. The greater part of true-life films created throughout the war were also concerned with teaching and information, but they were based on the basic principles, morals, ethics or values of the countries which created them. They may not have called upon the viewers to think critically or to depict rational conclusions, but they were swift to be virtuous regarding their own purposes, motivations and inspirations or to pass decision on the motives of their adversaries (Barsam, 175). Works Cited China. 1943. John Farrow, April 21. China Girl. 1943. Henry Hathaway, December 9. Crash Dive. 1943. Archie Mayo, April 22. The Edge of Darkness. 1943. Lewis Milestone, April 24. The Flying Tigers. 1942. David Miller, October 8. Hitler: Dead of Alive. 1943. Nick Grinde, April 3. The Land Is Mine. 1943. Jean Renoir, May 7. Lifeboat. 1944. Alfred Hitchcock, January 12. Objective, Burma! 1945. Raoul Walsh, February 17. They Were Expendable. 1945. John Ford, December 30. Barsam, Richard Meran. Nonfiction Film: A Critical History. USA: Richard Meran Barsam, 1992. Davis, Elmer. Report to the President. Journalism Monographs No. 7 (August 1968). Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. , 1991. Winkler, Allan M. The Politics of Propaganda: The Office of War Information, 1942-1945. Yale University Press, 1978.

Joseph Andrews Essay -- essays papers

Joseph Andrews In Fielding’s Joseph Andrews you see a variety of characters. They range from the shallow, vain and proud characters like Lady Booby and Mrs. Slipslop to the innocent, sincere, and virtuous like Joseph and Fanny. The presence of Lady Booby, and all of the people like her that are portrayed in the same selfish and dishonest way, bring out the importance of the clergy. Most of the clergy that we meet in the story don’t fit our vision of â€Å"holy people†. They didn’t fit Fielding’s vision either. Parson Adams is the only character that represents what Fielding considers to be the proper role for the clergy. He believes that the proper role for the clergy is that they should give moral guidance and they should be virtuous and charitable. There are many examples of charity made by Parson Adams because Fielding believes that charity is part of the proper role for the clergy. But I think that Adams will stand out more if I show how uncharitable the rest of the characters are. While at The Dragon Inn, Joseph meets Mr. and Mrs. Tow-wouse. Mr. Tow-wouse is the owner of the inn and for his brief presence in the book he is good-natured, unlike his wife who is greedy and very uncharitable. When her husband gets a shirt to clothe naked Joseph she states, â€Å"Common charity teaches us to provide for ourselves and our families; and I and mine won’t be ruined by your charity, I assure you† (93). Later on, Joseph meets Mr. Barnabas. He is a clergyman but a disgrace when compared to Adams. Adams’ office as a clergyman is important because â€Å"no other office could have given him so many opportunities of displaying his worthy inclinations† (95). Barnabas is sent to Joseph’s room in the inn to comfort him because he has been severe... ...ical and obsessed with worldly possessions. They are supposed to be leaders of faith but instead come off as two of the most appalling characters in the book. But in contrast to the rest of the clergymen, Parson Adams is extremely charitable and honest. He and Joseph always act on their beliefs and defend them by any force necessary. Fanny and Joseph are morally superior characters, but they are still characters. Adams emerges as an individual. He gave Joseph and Fanny moral guidance any time they needed it and he puts his principals of charity into practice. â€Å"Now, there is no Command more express, no Duty more frequently enjoined than Charity. Whoever therefore is void of Charity, I make no scruple of pronouncing that he is no Christian.† (185). In Fielding’s mind the role for the proper clergyman is to be honest, give moral guidance, and at all times be charitable.

Ground Water in Dhaka City Essay

Dhaka is the capital city of Bangladesh which has a population of about 12. 5 millions and its population rate is over 5%. Projected population is about 22 million by 2025. Dhaka is now the 7th largest populated city in the world and it is anticipated that Dhaka will be the 2nd largest city in the world by 2020. This city is full of problem and one of the major problems is water crisis. Although Bangladesh is rich in water resource, but there remains lack of safe water. The cities in Bangladesh are the centre of employment, communications and development. So, people are rapidly migrating in these cities from rural areas place putting additional pressure on the infrastructure and water resources. For this huge population in Dhaka city, water demand is also huge. And maximum portion of this greater demand is fulfilled by ground water. The daily requirement of water in Dhaka city is about 200 crore liters while WASA supplies 180 crore liters, leaving a shortage of 20 crore liters. Out of this 180 crore liters of water, 154. 50 crore liters of water are supplied from ground water. All most 85%-87% of water is supplied from under the ground and of them are from surface water. To supply this massive amount of water we need to extract a lot from the ground. Everyday demand for water is increasing and we are adding new pumps. In 1998, there were only 243 water pumps to lift water in 2004 it was 440 but now it is 560. Each of the pumps lifts 3,000 liters of water in a minute. And this is also making some problems. For this heavy extraction water level is going down rapidly. In some statistics I have found that the level of underground water has dropped down to 61. 18 meters. The average rate of decline of water level varied from 1 m to 2. 50 as the report of DWDB. Ground water depletion situation is severe in the central part of the city compare to the areas close to river bank, says DWDB. If this continue to happen then in future it will be hard to lift up underground water. Moreover, the increasing number of pumps and subsequent depletion of groundwater table increases the risk of disasters like landslide, subsidence and earthquake.

Biggest Problem Facing Our Generation

The biggest problem facing our generation is fixing the mistakes that our fearless leaders have made. George W. Bush had made many mistakes while in office from 2001 to 2009. One of the most controversial issues that he had completed related to the signing of a report endorsing outsourcing with thousands of American workers having their jobs shipped overseas. He may have had good intentions, but all that was lost after the signing of this bill that took 2. 6 million jobs away from the people of the United States.Due to this decision, numerous companies were shipped overseas since the labor costs are lower and emission standards don’t exist. Another notorious decision relates to the invasion of Iraq. After September 11, 2001, Bush became convinced that Saddam Hussein was seeking nuclear weapons and represented a mortal threat to the west. However, he chose to ignore conflicting evidence and undermined not only his presidency, but the reputation of US intelligence agencies and h is country.Another mistake that occurred just weeks prior to the 9/11 attacks notified the people of his loss of dedication to the country. Bush received a memorandum, called the pre-9/11 memo, from the CIA entitled,†Bin Laden Determined to Strike in US. † Although, he did not respond to the threat since he was on a family vacation, which will forever blight his legacy. The results of these mistakes are still dwelling over the United States. Yet, our generation is only able to learn from the mistakes and ensure that they are not repeated.

CFA Scholarship Essay †Example

CFA Scholarship Essay – Example Free Online Research Papers CFA Scholarship Essay Example I believe I am an excellent candidate for the CFA designation scholarship. My plans for the rest of my year at UW-L is to complete my finance and accounting classes for my major and minor, and to take the FIN 400 course. I am very excited to be taking the Advanced Financial Analysis course because I feel the course will complete my major and combine all my finance classes into one review course, which will prepare me for the most important test of my career. I am fully prepared to study the recommend 250 hours for the first exam and for following two rigorous exams in the next 3 years to come. My ambitions after graduating from college are to go into the corporate world as a financial analyst. During the past summer, I had a financial analyst internship at Kohler Co., where I learned a lot about the financial world from a corporate level and realized I could have a very successful, rewarding career in this area of finance. Having the CFA will grant my employer the security and confidence in knowing I have knowledge, integrity and professionalism of someone you can trust with your financial information and most personal details. The CFA will provide me with a broad range of investment knowledge and high ethical standards of which will provide my future employer with a well-rounded individual. In working towards my CFA, I will not only learn and apply finance but economics, accounting and basic business management. I also plan to expand on my financial analyst real-life experiences and relate them to what have studied for the CFA (and vise-versa), so I can apply my education in a meaningful manner. I hope while I am studying for all three exams of the CFA I will gain knowledge that will lead me to promotions. In the near future I would like to be a manager or controller of business/financial analyst or capital planning. The CFA will provide me with wisdom, standards and ethics to be an even better manager and leader. I already have powerful leadership qualities, most of which I have learned through the many positions I have held in my sorority Alpha Xi Delta, but I would like to expand on those qualities to become more successful in my career. Not only will the CFA help me with my career, but also to help me grow as a person, learning self-discipline and guidance. The CFA will also help me keep on track with my future profession, and will keep concepts and ideas fresh in my mind and will make them easier to recall and use when needed. Thank you for taking the time to review my application. Any financial help or program fees will be greatly appreciated and put to good use. Regards, Student Name Student Address Research Papers on CFA Scholarship Essay Standardized TestingMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part One

SCHULZ Last Name Origin and Meaning

SCHULZ Last Name Origin and Meaning The surname Schulz, which ranks 9th among  most common German last names,  has several possible origins: A German occupational name for the man in charge of a village (magistrate, sheriff, overseer) originally derived from the Middle High German word schulteize meaning the person in charge of collecting payments on behalf of the lord of the manor. It is similar in meaning to the English family name, Constable.The Jewish origin of the SCHULTZ / SCHULZ name is uncertain, possibly given to, or by, a rabbi. The Schulz surname is most commonly found in Germany according to the World Names Public Profiler, especially within the regions of  Brandenburg, Mecklenberg-Vorpommern, Berlin, Sachsen-Anhalt, and Schleswig-Holstein. It is next found most frequently in Austria and Australia. When spelled with a t (Schultz), the last name is more common in Denmark and the United States than Germany. Because most last names originate in multiple areas, the best way to learn more about your Schulz last name is to research your own specific family history. If you are new to genealogy, you can try tracing your family tree or learn more researching German genealogy and family coat of arms. Surname Origin: German, English Alternate Surname Spellings:  SCHULTZ, SCHULZE,  SCHULTZE, SCHOLZ, SCHOLTZ, SCHULTS, SHULTS, SCHULTHEIß, SCHULTHEIS  Famous People With the SCHULZ Last Name Charles Schulz - American cartoonist, artist, and illustrator, best known for the popular comic strip PeanutsHoward Schultz - Starbucks CEOWarren Schultz - American game designerErwin Schulz - German Nazi SS general Genealogy Resources for the SCHULZ Last Name Meanings and Origins of the 50 Top German SurnamesMà ¼ller, Schmidt, Schneider, Fischer, Meyer... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of the most common German last names? The Schulz last name ranks 9th on the list. How to Research German AncestorsGermany, as we know it today, is a much different country than it was during the time of many of our distant ancestors. Learn how to research your German ancestors both in present-day Germany, as well as in the six countries that received portions of the former German territory. Is My Surname Jewish?While many people will identify a last name that sounds Jewish, you generally cant identify Jewish ancestry by surname alone. 10 Online Sources for Holocaust ResearchFrom deportation records to lists of the martyred to survivor testimonies, the Holocaust has generated a vast amount of documents and records - many of which can be researched online! Schultz-Scholz Y-chromosome DNA Surname ProjectThe goal of the Schultz Surname Project is to use Y-DNA testing to distinguish between Schultz ancestral lines, worldwide. Any reasonable spelling variant of the surname is included, including Schultz, Schulze, Scholz, Scholze,  Schult, Schulte, Schultes, Schultheiß, Schults, Schultz, Schultze, Schulz, Schulze, Shults, Shultz, Sulc and Szulc. SCHULZ Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Schulz last name to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Schulz query. FamilySearch - SCHULZ GenealogySearch and access records, queries, and lineage-linked online family trees posted for the Schulz surname and its variations. FamilySearch features over 4 million results for the Schulz last name. SCHULZ Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Schulz surname. DistantCousin.com - SCHULZ Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Schulz. Sources: Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Nursing research class ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing research class ethics - Essay Example I am also an open-minded person. But sometimes I do not recognize my biases. I am in a hurry to beat deadlines. Sometimes, I do not take enough time to gather enough information or do not follow the plan accordingly which results in a poor quality outcome of my critical thinking. But my strongest aspect is turning errors into learning opportunities. It is always a challenge for me to get better the next time when things go wrong. I often tell myself "Nobody's perfect". Failure to me is being mature enough to keep yourself stronger and wiser to change what is best. psychological states after an abortion under this principle is about dealing someone's state of mind with respect and protecting their confidentiality. It is about preserving life of an individual to the maximum extent possible. Since abortion is such a complex issue in our society, it is also about setting aside our biases or issues, focusing the experiences or feelings of the individual who had an abortion and extend help which will maximize benefits to the individual. Justice: Justice is all about the ethical considerations or risks versus benefits leadings to the question of justice. In some states in United States it is illegal to have abortion.

MAKE UP SCHOOL POLICY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MAKE UP SCHOOL POLICY - Essay Example It should also be noted that behaviour is one of the dominant discourses in schooling (Ball, Maguire and Braun 98). This public, high school, student behaviour policy aims at promoting high standards of behaviour to enhance a secure environment for all, which is orderly and safe. The behaviour policy contains the following elements. ... not use bad language Both students and school staff should respect each other The policy includes the major stakeholders of the school, and this includes; Students Teachers and Other School Staff Parents According to the policy, various stakeholders should perform the following roles as outlined; Principal Ensure that there is a safe and a peaceful atmosphere for both students and staff Implement and monitor this behaviour policy Ensure consistent disciplinary actions for those act contrary to this behaviour policy Teachers and Other Staff Take part in the implementation of the student behaviour policy and instil good behaviour among students Report cases of disruptive behaviour for punishment Students Follow the guidelines provided in the student behaviour policy and comply with directions Demonstrate respect for teachers, colleagues, and other staff, and should not engage in any form of misconduct Parents Offer support to schools during the student behaviour policy implementation T he school rewards and offers acknowledgment certificates to those who encourage good behaviour and discourage unacceptable behaviour. PART II: ARGUMENT IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSED SCHOOL POLICY An orderly learning environment is necessary for every school to enhance smooth learning, without interruptions. Student misbehaviour in high schools is a significant cause of learning disruptions. It should be note that student misbehaviour is an international concern. According to (The Guardian par 5), student misbehaviour disrupts lessons in sixty percent of the schools in world. Students enjoy classes where there is no disruption, but this is not always the case for some schools because of student misbehaviour. Student misbehaviour has led to negative consequences in the achievement of

Assay of protein turnover using a bioluminescent reporter Essay

Assay of protein turnover using a bioluminescent reporter - Essay Example It is important for some proteins to have a short half-life but no others like clusterin because they have to control excessive growth of cells. Clusterin in this case controls prostate cancer cells (Rizzi, Caccamo, Belloni, & Bettuzzi, 2009). In designing an experiment using MetLUC to assay the efficacy of three compounds with respect to BF A, the first thing to consider is that the activity of BF A is known. The BF A would thus be used as the control variable (Schultz, Cegielski, & Hastings, 2005). Analysis of each of the three novel compounds would be done. This would be based on their respective signal sequence, in which each of them would be expressed in tissue culture cess. Comparison of how the MetLUC protein for each compound would be translocated to the ER and the resulting secretion into the medium in which the cells are growing would be done. The results of each would be compared to the known facts about the same experiment in BF A. Rizzi, F., Caccamo, A., Belloni, L., & Bettuzzi, S. (2009). Clusterin is a short half-life, poly-ubiquitinated protein, which controls the fate of prostate cancer cells. Journal of Cell Physioly, 19(2), 14-23. Schultz, L. L., Cegielski, M., & Hastings, J. (2005). Crystal structure of a pH-regulated luciferase catalyzing the bioluminescent oxidation of an open tetrapyrrole . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102 (5),

Search for My Tongue and Presents form My Aunts in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Search for My Tongue and Presents form My Aunts in Pakistan Essay In this essay I shall compare the ways in which each poem describes being part of two different cultures. The word culture is a religion or a belief you belong to or something shared by people. A culture can be a Somalian culture in which we like to eat rice however I am also a part of British culture which I like to eat fish and chips. In my opinion I think it is important to belong to a culture because it represents you and what you do in your life. If you are part of more than one culture you will have a clash. The moral of a Muslim culture says dont steal furthermore the school culture, kids may tell you to steal. We have been looking at these two poems exploring these themes. The first poem is Presents from My Aunts in Pakistan. This tells the story of a teenage girl who does not feel comfortable in the Pakistani clothes sent to her by her relatives but prefers wearing denim and corduroy, which are her everyday clothes in England. The second poem we have been investigating is Search for My Tongue. It examines about a young adult that forgot about her two tongues which means her two languages. The poet testify that she forgot her native tongue which is Guajarati and knows her foreign tongue on the other hand she feels uncomfortable talking at the same time using both languages. Although the poem is using the same metaphor, one talks about a young teenager who is confused in her own thoughts. The young teenager cannot decide whether she is more British or Pakistani. The other poem called Search debates about mother tongue and foreign tongue. A mother tongue is the language that you were born with alternatively a foreign tongue is a language that you learn by yourself. Even though the poems have many differences, theyre also equivalent because they both use a metaphor, which means when something is represents things we cannot see, hear, touch, taste and smell because they are abstract. An example would be a fire which symbolizes anger or exasperation. However, the metaphors are conflicting in each poem. In Presents from My Aunts in Pakistan it is clothes that show her identity and her culture; whilst in Search for My Tongue it is tongue which represents her language. I will introduce the poem by demonstrating how Moniza Alvi develops that idea that the young teenager is torn apart being half British and half Pakistani through her feelings about clothes. At first, the clothes from her aunts are brilliant; she describes the salwar kameez an exotic peacock blue. An example would be they sent me a salwar kameez peacock blue. In this quotation she is suggesting the peacock an exotic bird that has beauty and confidence which contrasts with her feelings. Blue suggests peace, which contrasts her inner conflict and her low self esteem. An example would be a fractured land. In this extract she is feeling another side of her identity she tries to imagine how it might have been if shed lived in Lahore instead, and wonders would she have been more or less at home or still feeling torn apart from two cultures which are the Pakistani culture and the British culture. However, the clothes can also hurt her, for example, candy stripped bangles snapped drew blood. In this quotation she is sensitive and fragile because it indicates her. The word blood suggests her cultural identity which is Pakistani culture. The word snapped specifies that she has been torn apart from two different cultures. The clothes make her feel awkward for example satin silken top was alien. In this extract the girl in Present feels that she is alien and alien implies she does not belong in this world. The word alienated is a use of oxymoron because alien and sitting room does not go together. The poet us oxymoron because you should feel at home when you are sitting in the sitting room however the girl in Presents she feels uncomfortable sitting in her living room wearing her Pakistani clothes. The clothes remind her that she is half-English, which makes her feel uncomfortable and at the same time, she says the clothes are radiant in the wardrobe. Even though she isnt wearing them, they seem full of light and beauty compared with her other things. She is drawn to the flourishing colours. The girl in Presents form My Aunts in Pakistan feels that she would be more relaxed in her everyday English clothes. An example would be I longed for denim and corduroy. In this quotation she is showing that she really likes the British clothes. Denim and corduroy symbolizes British clothes. They are dull and normal unlike beautiful satin silken clothes. This tells us that her Pakistani clothes which are stunning contrast with her lifeless British clothes which were bought from MS. As her English friend dont like her Pakistani clothes, for example, did not impress her school friend. In this extract the English people are shown not value Indian culture. The girl internalises this idea. Her English friend does not like the bright colours of Indian clothes she likes the dull English clothes. However, the girl in Presents admires the delicate way the clothes have been made. An example would be I admire the mirror work. In this extract she tries to see her identity in the Asian clothes drown to her beauty. It also shows her mixed feelings about her heritage; she loves it and hates it at the same time. The opening part of Search for My Tongue is that the girl feels like she is making you imagine having a voice. An example of this would be I have lost my tongue. In this extract the tongue represents her language she has lost part of herself. Tongue sounds more physical and more painful. This is similar to Presents because it connects to the candy stripped bangles she is sensitive and fragile which connects to Searchso both of the poems we can see that they are in pain. In Search for My tongue a powerful image shows the awkwardness of having two languages. An example would be two tongues in your mouth. In this quotation she feels awkward in her mouth. As two tongues are in her mouth she feels muddle up and confused as she cant talk English and Guajarati at the same time. This is similar to Presents because the girl feels that her clothes have clung to her. It connects with Search as both show awkwardness. Also, they both suggest that the main characters have to make a choice between two cultures. You cant have both. As the poet feels it is impossible to combine both languages. For example, you could not use them both together. In this extract she suggests having two tongues puzzle you. This is similar to Presents for the reason that the girl does not feel right with Pakistani clothes she likes wearing her dull every day clothes which are denim and corduroy. The poet sometimes feels she is losing her native language. An example would be I thought I spit it out. In this quotation she feels that she is rejecting her native language and she is feeling that she is losing it. In contrasts with Presents she does not feel comfortable wearing her Pakistani clothes. Both of the poems have similarities which they are both lost and dont know what culture they are from. The two poems are also different in their use of structure which means when something is laid out or it makes something clear. Sometimes, structure is hidden. It is important to understand the structure because the poet lays out the poem so it emphasis the poem. An example would be when the poet uses rhythm and rhyme. We notice that then the other normal rules. In Presents Form My Aunts in Pakistan, she uses symmetrical structure she does not follow a path she follows her thoughts and memories as the girl is confused. The poet shows the flow of her thoughts as how one memory triggers another. First of all the poet starts of talking about her salwar kameez. Then she goes of and talks about her mothers jewellery then she goes back to her birth place which triggers her thoughts about her real culture which is Pakistani culture.

Dancing Skeletons: Life and Death in West Africa Essay -- Literary Ana

Although the !Kung San of southern Africa differ greatly from the people in the west African nation of Mali, both areas share similar problems. Both suffer from diseases, illnesses, malnutrition, and having to adapt to the ever changing and advancing cultures around them. What I found to be the most significant problem that is shared between both areas is that the people suffered from a lack of education. In the book Dancing Skeletons: Life and Death in West Africa by Katherine A. Dettwyler, there is a lack of education in proper nutritional practices, taking care of children and newborns, and basic medical knowledge and practices. The Dobe Ju/’hoansi have recently started putting in schools to help children receive an education to help them have better success with the surrounding peoples and culture, but there is a lack of attendance in these schools. There are also many education issues in proper sexual practices that would help stop the spread of HIV and AIDS, in a place i n the world were theses illnesses are at surprisingly high levels. The first part of this paper will discuss the education problems in the Dobe Ju/’hoansi with their school systems. There are also many divergent views about educating the public in sexual health practice, and the use of protection in general. This section will also cover the education problem in Mali related to poor nutritional and medical knowledge. The second part of the paper will cover differing views between western society and the native point of view in both the Dobe Ju/’hoansi and the people of Mali. The last part of the paper discusses some solution-oriented recommendations to the education problems and some of the steps that have already begun to take place to help improve conditi... ...nough. â€Å"If you pour all these resources into keeping kids alive, without following up on their long-term health through more extensive gardening projects and nutritional education programs, then you’re just wasting everyone’s time, money, and energy (Dettwyler 1994: 145).† In conclusion, the suffering from malnutrition as well as the lack of education in rural Africa are spotlighted in both Dettwyler and Lee’s books. Both anthropologists give an insight into the true nature of the many problems faced by the people and how they confront life and death in a completely foreign manner. Even though both areas suffer from similar problems, steps are slowing being taken in the right direction to help educate people by setting up programs and making better schools. Although both the societies and their issues differ greatly, both are advancing toward similar solutions.

PDA Simulation Decision Essay

The score obtained for this test was 1,223,926,982.   The result was relatively encouraging given the fact that it was higher than the previous score.   There is an admission, however, that there is still room for improvement. Substantially the same strategies were used for this test.   These strategies are: 1) for handheld X5 the strategy used was to lower its price in order to attract more buyers and to maximize short-term profit in view of the fact that the market is mature and the product has been in market for three (3) years (Scott Allen, 2002); b) for Handheld X6 the strategy used was to allocate substantial amount for Research and Development accompanied by an increase in its price in view of the fact that this product is being purchased for its excellent performance, high quality, and attractive appearance (Ivana Taylor, 2008); c) for Handheld X7 the strategy used was to lower the price of the product in view of the fact that it is a new product which has been out only for 1 year and a significant portion of its market is still untapped but at the same time there should be an improved allocation in its Research and Development; and d) products which have fully saturated their market should be di scontinued. The change in strategy for this test is that changes were likewise made in the Research & Development allocation.   This is due to the fact that the consumers for particular product such as for X6 and X7 were looking for quality and performance in the said items.   For this reason, it would be necessary in order to meet their expectations to improve product quality and performance by allocating substantial amount for Research & Development.   It must however be stressed that the increase or decrease in Research and Development must be accompanied by change in price. The result was quite pleasing as the initial goals were achieved in terms of market saturation and improved sales.   At the start of the simulation the goal of the company was to be able to attract as many new customers as possible.   Following the principle of Law of Demand, the products which are being sold to low-end customers are sold at lower prices so as to improve demand for the product. The company was willing to spend as much for the Research and Development with a view that the amount expended for the development of X6 and X7 products will redound to more customers and more sales.   This was achieved for this test as the market for X5 was completely saturated.   This means that X5 was sold to all potential customers.   While the market was not completely saturated for X6 and X7 products, there are indications that there was substantial increase in the number of customers.   For instance, for X6 products market saturation improved from 74% to 90% while for X7 products market saturation improved from 10% to 15%.   This is shown in figure 1 below.

Bureaucracy & Formal Organizations

Chapter Summary Society is organized â€Å"to get its job done†. It does so through formal organizations and bureaucracies. The same system that can be frustrating and impersonal is also the one on which we rely for our personal welfare and to fulfill our daily needs. The society of today, however is not the society of yesterday, nor will it be the society of tomorrow. The rationalization of society refers to a transformation in people's thinking and behavior over the past 150 years, shifting the focus from personal relationships to efficiency and results.Karl Marx attributed this transformation to capitalism, while Max Weber, who disagreed with Marx, related it to Protestant theology. As a result of rationality, formal organizations, secondary groups designed to achieve specific objectives, have become a central feature of contemporary society. With industrialization, secondary groups have become common. Today, their existence is taken for granted. They become a part of our l ives at birth and seem to get more and more complex as we move through the life course.The larger the formal organization, the more likely it will turn into a bureaucracy. Bureaucracies are defined as formal organizations characterized by five features that help them reach their goals, to grow, and endure. These five features are (1) clear levels, with assignments flowing downward and accountability flowing upward, (2) a division of labor, (3) written rules, (4) written communications with records, and (5) impartiality. Although bureaucracies are the most efficient forms of social organization, they can also be dysfunctional.Dysfunctions of bureaucracies can include red tape, lack of communication between units, and alienation. Examples of these dysfunctions include an overly rigid interpretation of rules and the failure of members of the same organization to communicate among one another. According to Max Weber, the impersonality of bureaucracies tends to produce workers who feel d etached from the organization and each other. According to Karl Marx, workers experience alienation when they lose control over their work and are cut off from the finished product of their labor.To resist alienation, workers form primary groups, banding together in informal settings during the workday to offer each other support and validation. They also personalize their work space with family photographs and personal decorations. Not all workers, however, succeed in resisting alienation. One reason bureaucracies endure and are so resilient is because they tend to take on a life of their own through a process called goal displacement. Once a bureaucracy has achieved its original goals, it adopts new goals in order to perpetuate its existence.A classic example of goal displacement involves the March of Dimes. Originally founded to fight polio, the organization was faced with being phased out after Jonas Salk discovered the polio vaccine. Rather than disband, it adopted a new missio n, â€Å"fighting birth defects†, which was recently changed to a vaguer goal of â€Å"breakthrough for babies†. In addition to bureaucracies, many people in the United States become involved with voluntary organizations, groups made up of volunteers who organize on the basis of some mutual interest.But even voluntary organizations are not immune from the affect of bureaucratization. Although formal organizations provide numerous beneficial functions, they also tend to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite, a phenomenon Robert Michel referred to as the iron law of oligarchy. Even volunteer and non-profit organizations are affected by the iron law of oligarchy. Sociologists use the term, â€Å"corporate culture† to refer to an organization's traditions, values, and unwritten norms. Much of what goes on in corporate culture, however, is hidden.To ensure that the corporate culture reproduces itself at the top levels, people in positions of power groom ot her people they perceive to be â€Å"just like them† for similar positions of power. In the United States, personal achievement is central; workers are hired on the basis of what they can contribute to the organization that hires them. To counter the negative side of bureaucracies, many corporations have begun taking steps to better humanize work settings. This includes the establishment of work teams, corporate day care, employee stock ownership plans, and the quality circles.There has been a great deal of research directed at comparing the Japanese corporate culture to the American corporate culture. The Japanese corporate model differs significantly from the American corporate model in the way it views work, workers, and work organizations. Although considered as superior to the American corporate culture, more recent inspection shows this to be more of a myth than a reality. Successful Japanese businesses have adopted many of the American methods. The real bottom line is that we live in a global marketplace of ideas as well as products, with no single set of cultural values being universally superior.Key Terms in Chapter Seven alienation: Marx's term for the experience of being cut off from the product of one’s labor that results in a sense of powerlessness and normlessness. (p. 181) bureaucracy: A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority; a clear division of labor; emphasis on written rules, communications, and records; and impersonality of positions. (p. 176) capitalism: An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of producing goods and services, the pursuit of profit, and market competition. (p. 176) corporate culture: The orientations that characterize corporate work settings. p. 186) formal organization: A secondary group designed to achieve explicit objectives. (p. 176) goal displacement: A goal displaced by another; in this context, the adoption of new goals by an organization; also known as goal replace ment. (p. 182) humanizing a work setting: Organizing a workplace in such a way that it develops, rather than impedes, human potential. (p. 188) Peter principle: A bureaucratic â€Å"law† according to which the members of an organization are promoted for good work until they reach their level of incompetence, the level at which they can no longer do good work. p. 182) rationality: The acceptance of rules, efficiency, and practical results as the right way to approach human affairs. (p. 174) rationalization of society: A widespread acceptance of rationality and a social organization largely built around this idea. (p. 174) self-fulfilling prophecy: As applied to corporate culture, predictions that later come true based upon values and stereotypes. (p. 186) the iron law of oligarchy: Robert Michels’ phrase for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite. (p. 185) he McDonaldization of society: The process by which ordinary aspe cts of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule such things as food preparation. (p. 179) traditional orientation: The idea, characteristic of tribal, peasant, and feudal societies, that the past is the best guide for the present. (p. 174) voluntary association: A group made up of volunteers who have organized on the basis of some mutual interest. (p. 183) Key People in Chapter Seven Alexis de Tocqueville: In his report of his travels across the United States, Democracy in America, Tocqueville observed the tendency of Americans to join voluntary associations. p. 183) Peter Evans and James Rauch: Evans and Rauch found that the most prosperous countries are those with central bureaucracies that hire workers on the basis of merit and offer them rewarding careers. (p. 182) Elaine Fox and George Arquitt: Studying local posts of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Fox and Arquitt found that leadership positions in organizations are typically decided behind the scenes with current lead ers choosing their favorite candidates for other leadership roles. (p. 185)Rosabeth Moss Kanter: In her organizational studies of corporations, Kanter discovered that corporate cultures reproduce themselves at the top levels by selecting workers that they think best match the corporate model; providing those workers with the opportunities and resources to do well; and after they succeed, promoting them to high-level positions. (p. 186). Gary Marx: Noting technology’s role in the control of workers, Gary Marx warned of a maximum-security workplace where computers keep track of every movement workers make on the job. (p. 190)Karl Marx: According to Karl Marx, the rationalization of society was due to the transformation to capitalism, which, in turn, created alienation—workers who lost control of their work and were cut off from the finished product of their labor. (p. 174) Robert Michels: Michels coined the phrase â€Å"the iron law of oligarchy† to describe the t endency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite. (p. 185) William Ouchi: Ouchi identified five ways that the Japanese corporate model differed from the American corporate model. p. 191) George Ritzer: Ritzer coined the term â€Å"the McDonaldization of society† to describe the process by which ordinary aspects of life are becoming more and more rationalized. (p. 179) David Sills: Sills identified four of the seven functions of voluntary associations. (p. 184) Max Weber: According to Weber, a change in people’s religious orientation and their way of thinking produced capitalism. Weber also argued that the impersonality of bureaucracies tends to produce workers who feel detached from their organizations and each other. (p. 175)

Information Technology Management Degrees and Careers

Information Technology Management Degrees and Careers An information technology management degree, or IT management degree, is a type of postsecondary degree awarded to students who have completed a college, university, or business school program that focuses on teaching students how to use computer software and systems to manage information. After completing the program, students should be able to find technology-based solutions to important business and management problems.   Types of Degrees There are three basic options for students who are interested in an information technology management degree. A bachelors degree is typically the minimum for most jobs in the information technology management field. Advanced jobs almost always require a masters or MBA degree. Bachelors Degree in IT Management: A bachelors degree in IT management is ideal for students seeking entry-level positions in this field. However, many information technology managers choose to earn a bachelors degree in information science, computer science, or information systems management instead. Regardless of the degree name, most bachelors programs take four years to complete and consist of general education courses combined with specialized courses in information technology and business management.Masters Degree in IT Management: A masters degree in information technology management or a related field is a requirement to work at some companies. It is especially recommended for advanced positions. A masters degree usually takes two years to complete once you have earned a bachelors degree. While enrolled in a masters program, you will study advanced topics in information technology. You will also take business, management, and leadership courses.Doctorate Degree in IT Manageme nt: The highest degree that can be earned in this area is a doctorate degree. This degree is well-suited for students who want to teach or perform field research. It can take anywhere from four to six years to earn a doctorate degree.​ Choosing a Program When choosing an information technology management program, you should first look at schools that are accredited to ensure you find a quality program with degrees respected by employers. It is also important to choose a school that has an up-to-date curriculum that focuses on the skills and knowledge you want to attain. Finally, take time to compare tuition, career placement rates, class size, and other important factors. Read more about choosing a business school. Information Technology Management Careers Students who earn an information technology management degree typically go on to work as IT managers. IT managers are also known as computer and information systems managers. They may be responsible for developing tech strategies, upgrading technology, and securing systems in addition to overseeing and directing other IT professionals. The exact duties of an IT manager are dependent on the size of the employer as well as the managers job title and level of experience. Some common job titles for IT managers include the following. IT Project Manager: Sometimes known as an IT Director, an IT project manager heads up a specific technology project. They may be responsible for managing upgrades and conversions. IT project managers typically have one or more IT professionals who report to them. They usually have at least a bachelors degree along with several years of experience.IT Security Manager:  An IT security manager is usually responsible for overseeing network and data security. They may help to develop, implement, and monitor security protocols. Entry-level positions may require only a few years of experience.Chief Technology Officer:  A CTO designs and recommends new technology for a business or organization. They typically report to a CIO but may have more technical expertise. Many CTOs began as an IT director or project manager. Most have 10 or more years of experience in the IT field.Chief Information Officer: A Chief Information Officer (CIO) helps to develop and oversee technology strategy for a b usiness or organization. They are the decision makers. CIO is an advanced position and typically requires at least an MBA along with 10 or more years of IT experience. IT Certifications Professional or tech certifications are not absolutely required to work in the information technology management field. However, certifications can make you more attractive to potential employers. You may also earn a higher salary if you have taken the required steps to become certified in specific areas.