International Terrorism and Global Politics Essay Example for Free

International Terrorism and Global Politics Essay In the 21st century, it would seem that the term â€Å"terrorist† has become an all encompassing description of anyone whom civilized people feel is a threat to innocent civilians, domestic tranquility, and the everyday life that most people take for granted. Government officials declare â€Å"war on terrorism† and the like. Expanding upon, and deviating from the typical definition of a terrorist, Charles W. Kegley’s 2002 edition, The New Global Terrorism: Characteristics, Causes, Controls, contains a chapter entitled â€Å"Is There a Good Terrorist? †, which asserts that one nation’s terrorist may fairly be considered another nation’s patriot. This paper will maintain the argument that no terrorist is a â€Å"good terrorist†, in contrast to the presentation of Kegley in his volume. Defining Terrorism To begin, a valid argument can be made against so-called â€Å"good† terrorists by establishing a baseline definition of terrorism. In some of his other writings, Kegley has maintained that one of the problems in condemning terrorists is that the act of terrorism itself is so hard to define; in other words, as was mentioned previously, a terrorist may not be considered a terrorist by everyone, because ultimately, some group of people or nation is supposedly benefitting from the terror inflicted on another group. However, by fine tuning the definition of a terrorist, it will be possible to reinforce and build upon the argument of this paper- that there is no such thing as a good terrorist. In order to make that assertion solid and tenable, one must realize that the term terrorism should in fact refer to acts of violence, war or sabotage inflicted upon innocent civilian populations by a person or persons not affiliated with an organized army and outside of the scope of declared warfare. Within this context, we are not talking about the soldier who serves his country by defeating enemies in combat, but we are talking about extremists who detonate car bombs near schools and hospitals. In using this definition, it is possible to further bolster the argument. Terrorism is about Targets as Well as Intentions A second assertion that can be made in critique of Kegley’s presentation comes from a discussion of the issue of the targets of terrorism as well as the intentions of terrorists, as earlier defined. For example, a terrorist, for all of his claims that he is trying to free other people from the oppression of another group, change a bad situation, avenge previous wrongs and the like, is violating international law as well as the basic moral codes when the terrorist inflicts casualties among defenseless civilians, such as when terrorists launch attacks on religious centers, public places or even private residential areas, there is a tremendous wrong being done, no matter what noble cause the terrorist claims to support or advance. Simply put, the means do not justify the end. A Fine Line between Patriotism and Vigilantism A key point continues to echo throughout this research- the fine line between defeating enemies and violating the written and unwritten laws of humanity. Indeed, one could make the argument, for example, that the founders of the United States in some ways inflicted terrorism according to our previously stated definition, for many of them were un-uniformed, taking up arms against an organized, sovereign government, no matter how noble the cause was for which they were fighting. However, when looking at terrorists in regard to being those who step over the line of legality and morality for the sake of their causes, again the message returns that there must be at least some level of decency in the world, even among those who adamantly oppose one another, for if opposing groups are allowed to continually launch terror attacks upon each other, all of humanity will soon degrade to chaos and anarchy, serving no one’s interests. Indeed, it is morally, ethically and legally wrong for people to take the law into their own hands; therefore, all potential or actual terrorist acts must be dealt with in the harshest possible terms. Conclusion In this paper, the argument has been made and supported that there is no such thing as a good terrorist, no matter what the intentions, motivations or goals of the terrorist, keeping in mind that there are certain criteria which define what makes a terrorist. Therefore, it must be remembered that patriots are not those who blow up women and children, poison reservoirs or destroy public gathering places, nor are those who wear the uniform of their country and fight in declared wars terrorists. Once that differentiation is made and adhered to, all of humanity will be all the better for it. Conversely, if we allow these grey areas to exist where a potential terrorist thinks they will receive rewards, either in this world or the one to come, the death toll of innocents will continue to swell. Hopefully, this key distinction will be realized by the people of the world before it is too late.

Porters Five Forces Analysis Of Aviation Sector Engineering Essay

Porters Five Forces Analysis Of Aviation Sector Engineering Essay Barriers to Entry The aviation sector is one of the most expensive and extremely risky sectors due to high capital costs. These costs include buying and leasing aircrafts, fuel, safety and security measures, labor, customer service, etc. The increasing fuel costs have affected the airline industry adversely as it has a direct impact on the operating costs. A weakening economy also affects the airline revenues as the demand for air travel and air freight reduces and business and leisure travelers become highly price sensitive. UAE restricts complete foreign ownership of a company. All the companies are supposed to have at least one or more national partners who account for at least 51% of their capital. Therefore, the existence of high start-up costs and other barriers discourages new competitors from easily entering this industry. http://www.mlive.com/business/west-michigan/index.ssf/2011/02/rising_jet_fuel_costs_affectin.html http://www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp Competitive Rivalry The rivalry existing in the UAE aviation industry is intense since there are over 110 airlines currently flying to more than 160 destinations from Dubai International Airport itself. Since Dubai is located in a very strategic location and it is the business capital of the Middle East, the aviation industry showed a very strong growth in the last decade. All the carriers are constantly struggling to steal the market share from each other. Each airline is trying to have competitive prices and is working on lowering its operational costs to increase efficiency and profitability. This has lead to saturation in the market and airlines have to compete to survive in the UAE airline industry. http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,HYPERLINK http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,_nfpb=true_pageLabel=lifeEventDetail HYPERLINK http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,_nfpb=true_pageLabel=lifeEventDetail _nfpb=trueHYPERLINK http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,_nfpb=true_pageLabel=lifeEventDetail HYPERLINK http://www.dubai.ae/en.portal?vstrs_arrv_dxb,vstrs_arive_air,1,_nfpb=true_pageLabel=lifeEventDetail _pageLabel=lifeEventDetail http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20101229042209/ ae/%20carriers%20see%20brighter%20sky%20ahead Supplier power Irrespective of UAE aviation industry or the world aviation industry there are only 2 main suppliers, Boeing and Airbus. Fly Europe has a fleet of Boeing aircrafts and their supplier, Boeing, has a high bargaining power as there is no cut throat competition in the supplier industry. The switching costs from Boeing to Airbus is also extremely high because all the pilots and mechanics have to be trained to learn to operate the different kind of aircrafts. However, other suppliers of Fly Europe like the providers of on-board snacks for the travelers (who are willing to purchase them) dont have high bargaining power since there are many other options available in the market. Fly Europe can purchase their snacks from some other cost-effective supplier as this would enable the customers to buy the snacks at reasonable prices. http://www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp Customer power Air travel is expensive, so most of the leisure travelers have highly elastic demand. They can compare prices of different airlines easily over the internet as they have many different options while choosing an airline carrier. Business travelers pay a much higher average ticket price, approximately five times more than the average leisure ticket cost. Hence, the bargaining power of business travelers in the aviation sector is quite high since as they generate most of the revenues of the airline while the bargaining power of leisure passengers is low. www.csus.edu/indiv/h/hany/Teaching//Lecture2_han.ppt http://www.wikinvest.com/concept/Airline_Travel Availability of substitutes Airline is the fastest way to travel from one destination to another so there is no perfect substitute available. The other transportation options available to the customers are trains, cars, etc. The choice of the mode of transportation depends on the length of the route, consumer preferences, etc. For example air travel isnt practical and economical for short distances. High-speed video conferencing is emerging as an important substitute to air travel for business travelers as it provides a convenient, safer, time-saving and cost-effective to conduct important meetings. Reducing travel time results in employee productivity, effectiveness, decrease in stress and hassle, etc. The emergency air freight market is also getting affected as these days, urgent documents are sent through the e-mail which is a cheap and faster alternative. While, Sea freight is considered an economical and practical way to send bulky items which is affecting the routine air freight market. Therefore, many c ompanies are using these technologies to replace airline travel and freight. http://www.businesseconomics.in/?p=638 http://www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp Industry description The aviation industry in the United Arab Emirates plays an essential part in its economy. It is one of the fastest growing aviation industries in the world. The General Civil Aviation Authority (GCAA), headquartered in Abu Dhabi, regulates civil aviation in the UAE. Foreign ownership and control of airlines in the UAE is restricted to a 49% equity stake. But in 2009, UAE signed an air liberalization policy statement with six other countries and the European Commission. The policy principles focuses on three main issues : freedom to access capital markets, freedom to do business, and freedom to price services. UAEs aviation industry earned a profit of $15 billion profit in 2010. The air traffic movements grew at the rate of 13 .8% in November 2010 compared to November 2009. This sector is expected to be the 2nd largest aviation market with the growth rate of 10.2% in 2013. According to the forecasts, the UAE will have 82.3 million air travelers and will be handling 2.7 million tons by 2014. Dubai has become a major hub of aerospace both in the middle east as well as on a global level as traditional players like the USA and Europe continue to slump. http://www.arabianbusiness.com/uae-passenger-traffic-hit-82-3m-by-2014-says-iata-380800.html http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/UAE_aviation_market_will_be_second-fastest_growing_by_2013/44449.htm http://www.dancewithshadows.com/flights/dubai-aviation.asp http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/BU1012/S00286/10-more-liberalised-aviation-agreements-for-emirates-in-2010.htm http://www.emirates.com/mv/English/about/public_affairs/liberalisation.aspx http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20101229042209 /ae/%20carriers%20see%20brighter%20sky%20ahead http://www.gcaa.gov.ae/en/pages/welcomegcaa.aspx http://english.alrroya.com/content/uae-signs-air-liberalisation-policy-statement-iata Economic conditions The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. It is the 2nd largest economy in the Middle East after Saudi Arabia. It is also a major player in the world energy markets as it has the 6th largest crude oil reserves and natural gas reserves. UAE is taking extensive measures to reduce its reliance on these natural resources as an income source and is diversifying its economy by investing in growing sectors like trade, finance, aerospace, tourism, etc. The global financial crisis slowed down the GDP growth in 2010. UAE authorities responded to this crisis by injecting $33 billion into the local financial sector and guaranteeing all deposits in international and local banks. Dubai was hit very badly by the recession as its real estate sector experienced a major downturn and it couldnt meet its debt obligations. The central bank of UAE then provided support to the local banks while Dubai received a loan of $ 10 billion from Abu Dhabi to ease the debt crisis. However, the economy is expected to rebound in 2011. The non-hydrocarbons economy is expected to grow 2.2% in the year 2011. The oil prices averaged $79.6/barrel in 2010 are forecasted to rise to $90 billion in 2011. The GDP growth rate is expected to increase from 2.2% in 2010 to 3.3% in 2011. The government also plans to carry out large infrastructure projects which is supposed to result in a gradual recovery of the real estate sector. http://www.propertyselect.com/dubai/news/what-impact-will-the-global-recession-have-on-dubai-property/1442 http://www.davisiaj.org/?p=210 http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/UAE_non-oil_economy_to_rebound_in_2011-2012/41839.htm http://www.english.globalarabnetwork.com/201101018483/Economics/uae-economy-gdp-rebounds-around-33-in-2011.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates#cite_note-1 http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/uae/uae_country_brief.html http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpHYPERLINK http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country OutlookccHYPERLINK http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country Outlookccp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country%20OutlookHYPERLINK http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country OutlookccHYPERLINK http://www.zawya.com/marketing.cfm?zpp=/countries/ae/macrowatch.cfm?eiusection=Country Outlookcccc

A Study on the Legal Trade Cases between Canada and Africa

A Study on the Legal Trade Cases between Canada and Africa Khushal Mewada Vishnu Sabu Priyank Patel Jayesh Patel INTRODUCTION The term legal is used to define the thing related with law. Develop and maintain security policies, procedures and practices which comply with relevant elements of criminal, civil, administrative and regulatory law to minimize adverse legal consequences. Law can be three type that is Public International Law, Private International Law, Foreign Law. Public international law is the system of rules and principles governing the relationships between states and international organizations as well some of their persons and Private international law governs relationships between persons and organizations engaged in international transactions and their legal cases whereas Foreign law is a law enacted by a foreign country. We need to know all these cases before doing transaction overseas because all can affect the trade. This report study is on three legal court cases related with trade between Canada and Africa. These cases include information about the conflicts between companies of both countries and their court case as well as the result of case by court with acts. LEGAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CANADA AND AFRICA Canada established its diplomatic relations with South Africa in 1939, due to the outbreak of World War II. Africa and Canada had few contacts before the twentieth century. Canada and Africa were both part of a global trading system, linked by European trading companies such as the Hudsons Bay Company and the Royal African Company. Canada and African were raw-material exporting areas, they mostly traded with manufacturers in Europe, and not with each other. Canada is a significant investor in Africa. Trade between the two countries totaled $1.8 billion in 2008. Canadian investments largely focus on the mineral and mining sector, as well as transportation, food processing, hospitality, information and communication technologies. A Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation in mining and mineral development was signed between Canada and South Africa in March 2015. A Double Taxation Agreement has been signed to facilitate trade and investment, between Canada and South Africa. Top Canadian exports to Africa include lentils and wheat, power generation machinery, electrical machinery, sulfur, optical equipment, pharmaceuticals, and pork. Africas exports to Canada include citrus, beverages (wine), nuclear machinery parts and minerals such as iron, titanium, chromium and copper. CASE:1 WHITE SOUTH AFRICAN,S VS CANADIAN GOVERNMENT TITLE: White South Africans battle for refugee status in Canada ended by appeals court. In this case, a white South African asked for refugee protection in Canada due to the fear of his Countrys major black, and his case was recalled and the case was rejected, moreover made necessary arrangement for returning to his country, where his cases started as an angry upset and reaction against Canada. For analysing the case we are following the IRAC method which directly goes deeply to the case between Canada and Africa. Issue In 2009, an international protest welcomed Canadas Immigration and Refugee Board and decided Brandon Huntley, a white citizen of South Africa, had an all around established dread of mistreatment on the bases of his race and the South Africa government had lack of interest or failure or unwillingness to shield white South Africans from oppression by African South Africans. In this case, a white South African asked for refugee protection in Canada due to the fear of his countrys major black people, but his case was recalled and his case got rejected. The South Africas government called the decision as a perverse by Ottawa and racist. The African Social Medias, newspapers who severely criticized the claim made by Mr. Huntley and protest against IRBs decision. The IRB Canada take another look into the case and in 2010 Mr. Huntleys then-lawyer accused Ottawa of interfering to mend international relations. The supreme court of Canada refuse to hear the case in 2012. Rule The African National Congress, the party that liberated South Africa from apartheid under Nelson Mandelas leadership in 1994, said the refugee decision was racist and alarmist. Canadas reasoning for granting Huntley a refugee status can only serve to perpetuate racism, the ANC said Tuesday. Stephane Malepart, a spokesman for the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, said the board cannot release the Huntley decision or make any comment on the ruling since all of its cases are heard in private and its tribunals operate at arms length from the government. But he said the federal government could seek judicial review of any decision by appealing it to the Federal Court of Canada. Analysis His case, however, drew intense publicity. It was reported in newspapers around the world, especially in South Africa. His picture, he said, was featured in newspaper ads on buses in his hometown. Online, he was threatened, he said. If he was not a person in need of protection before, he was now, he claimed in court, a distinction referred to as being a refugee sur place. The IRB acknowledged that South Africa was a young democracy with ongoing problems, the court summarized, but remained a functioning democracy with independent judicial institutions. In judging the IRBs second decision, Federal Court Judge Catherine M. Kane said the reasons given by the IRB were adequate and the decision was a reasonable one to arrive at. Conclusion This case adversely affect the relationship between Canada and Africa. There are some legal barriers for refugees from Africa to Canada. The discussion above details a range of problems with the asylum application process that adversely affects the human rights of refugees from various parts of the world. These issues calls into the question of ability DHA to administer an asylum system in accordance with its Constitutional obligation to ensure just administrative action. The problems also make a mockery of the rights guaranteed in both international and domestic refugee law, casting doubt on the Departments commitment to these legal guarantees. CASE:2 CANADA VS AFRICA,US Subject : Subsidies and other Domestic Support for Corn and other Agricultural Products Complainant: Canada Respondent: US Third Party : Argentina; Australia; Chile; European Union; India; Japan; Mexico; New Zealand; Nicaragua; South Africa; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; Turkey; Uruguay The Canada complained and requested the consultations with the United States regarding three different types of measures on 8 January, 2007: Firstly, the Canada claims that the subsidies to the US corn industry that are particular for US producers of primarily agricultural products provided by the United States. Canada considered that the issued measures are not compatible with Articles 5(C) and 6.3(C) of the SCM agreement. Secondly, Canada claims that the United States makes accessible to its exporters premium rates and other conditions more suitable than those which the market would otherwise make them available through export credit guarantee programmes under the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 and other measures such as the GSM-102 programme and SCGP as well as the programmes, legislation, regulations and statutory instruments providing the support. Canada reflects on these programmes provide subsidies contingent upon export performance opposing to Article 3.1(a) and 3.2 of the SCM Agreement, and they also breach Articles 3.3, 8, 9.1 and 10.1 of the Agreement on Agriculture. Thirdly, Canada makes demand that, through the improper exclusion of domestic support, the United States supported in favour of domestic producers in excess of the commitment levels mentioned in Section I of Part IV of the Schedule, opposing to Article 3.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture. From 18 January 2007, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, the European Communities, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Thailand and Uruguay requested to join the consultations. Afterwards, the United States informed the DSB that they had granted the requests of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, the European Communities, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Thailand and Uruguay to join the consultations. On 7 June 2007, Canada requested the establishment of a panel. Then, in the meeting the DSB deferred the establishment of a panel. On 11 July 2007, Brazil requested consultations with the United States regarding two different categories of US agricultural measures: (i) domestic support for agricultural products and (ii) export credit guarantees for agricultural products. After 20 July 2007, Canada, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Mexico, the European Communities, Argentina, Australia, India and Nicaragua, Thailand requested to join the consultations. Thereafter, the United States enlightened the DSB that it had approved the requests of Argentina, Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, the European Communities, Guatemala, India, Nicaragua, Mexico and Thailand to join the consultations. Later Canada and Brazil each requested the establishment of a panel. On 15 November 2007, Canada withdrew its first request to establish a panel dated 7 June 2007. But when the meeting held again the DSB postponed the establishment of a panel. Panel and Appellate Body proceedings Following to a other request to establish a panel from both Canada and Brazil, the DSB settled a single panel in the meeting on 17 December 2007.Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, the European Communities, India, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, South Africa, Chinese Taipei and Thailand, Turkey and Uruguay reserved their third-party rights. Conclusion This case clearly defines that which ever the countries as a third party reserved their rights. But the country Canada who is complaining against US and demanding upon some measures, at last they withdrew their request as they were not gaining any benefits from US. Countries: South Africa, Canada and Zimbabwe Appeal considered/heard at: Vancouver, BC Date of decision: January 2, 2014 Counsel for the person who is the subject of the appeal: Simon Trela (Barrister and Solicitor) To begin with, the applicant who is the resident of Zimbabwe was the member of a moment of democratic (MDC) changes and she went to south Africa, but as a foreigner, she was sexually assaulted so she applied for Canadian visitor visa on her African passport. Secondly, after coming to Canada section 97 of the Act, she requested for refugee protection at an immigration office in Edmonton on May 3, 2013. The RPD heard the appellants refugee protection claim on June 28 and July 4, 2013. The RPDs written reasons and Notice of Decision are dated August 19, 2013.ÂÂ   Moreover, she was also rejected in south Africa for state protection after her rape, because she was not the citizen of Africa and applicant not have concerned evidence.ÂÂ   The RPD Member found the issue of identity to be determinative to findings under both sections 96 and 97(1) of the Act. Moreover, the appellants Record received on September27,2013. The appellants submissions in this appeal are primarily based on consideration of the new evidence that was presented and documents submitted as being new evidence of the case. The appellant has requested an oral hearing pursuant to subsection 110(6) of the Act. subsections 110(3), (4), and (6) new evidence has been accepted in support of this appeal. As such, the RAD must proceed without a hearing in this appeal. Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. Subsection 162(1) The RAD finds that the RPD is to be provided with deference on questions of fact and mixed law and fact in relation to the assessment of the claim for protection. To put in a nutshell, The RPD Member was referring to several actions by the appellant such as using significant deception in order to be approved for her visa, including having her friends in Canada provide false information in support of her application, having her employer in South Africa falsify an employment record, and providing a false document to establish that she was going to be married in South Africa subsequent to her visit to Canada (thus establishing a motive for her to return to that country as opposed to remaining in Canada illegally).The applicant neither was Convention refugee nor a person in need of protection. This appeal is therefore dismissed. REFERENCES http://www.refworld.org/cases,IRBC,5385ede34.html http://www.google.ca/amp/news.nationalpost.com

Imagery in Lycidas Essay -- Poetry John Milton

Imagery in "Lycidas" "Lycidas," a poem written by John Milton as a memorial to Edward King, a classmate at Cambridge, reflects Milton's reverence for nature, his admiration of Greek Mythology, and his deeply ingrained Christian belief system. In "Lycidas," Milton combines powerful images from nature and Greek Mythology along with Biblical references in order to ease the pain associated with the premature death of King. King drowns at sea in the prime of his life and Milton is left to make sense of this tragedy. Milton not only mourns the loss of a friend; he is also forced to face his own mortality. Milton questions the significance of writing poetry when he will inevitably die. Milton copes with the subject of death by insisting on the glory of a Christian life and the promise of rebirth into the joyous spiritual world of heaven after death. Milton begins "Lycidas" by introducing Mythical imagery. Milton writes, "Yet once more, O ye Laurels, and once more/ Ye Myrtles brown, with Ivy never sear" (1-2). In the poem Laurels refers to the crown of poetry given by Apollo, while myrtle refers to the Greek goddess Venus, and Ivy to the god Bacchus. Then Milton introduces powerful symbolism derived from nature. He writes, " I com to pluck your Berries harsh and crude, / And with forc'd finger rude, (3-4). Milton is first alluding to the forced and premature writing of his poetry in the memorial to his classmate Edward King. Secondly, he is perhaps alluding to the premature and violent death of his classmate. In the passage King is the "Berrie" that has been "plucked" before it is ripe or mature. The "Berrie" (King) is "plucked" with "forc'd finger rude," which suggest some degree of violence in his death. It seems that this passa... ... in the glory of heaven. King's spirit will live on. King is the, "Genius of the shore" (184). In "Lycidas" Milton speaks through many voices. From Greek Gods to Biblical figures, Milton shields his voice and personifies these figures who address the subject of death in a less worldly language. This method of writing not only demonstrates Milton's broad education, it also serves to lighten a heavy subject. Shielded by Mythology and motivated by the optimism of Christianity, one can approach the subject of mortality with hope and give meaning to life. Without hope this subject would most likely force the reader to spiral down into deep despair. Bibliography Flannagan, Roy. Ed. The Riverside Milton. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. Harmon, William, and C. Hugh Holman. A Handbook to Literature. New Jersey: Prentice Hall , 2000.

Theoretical Study and Computational Modeling :: Graduate Admissions Essays

Theoretical Study and Computational Modeling    As the science of theoretical chemistry has matured, its focus   has shifted from analytically solvable problems, such as the   atomic structure of hydrogen, to more complex problems for which   analytical solutions are difficult or impossible to specify.    Important questions about the behavior of condensed phases of   matter, the electronic structure of heavy atoms and the _in   vivo_ conformation of biological macromolecules fall into this   class.   The powerful, highly-parallel supercomputers that have   evolved from recent advances in computing technology are ideally   suited to the mathematical modeling of these complex chemical   phenomena.   Simulations in which the trajectories of a large   number of interacting bodies must be computed simultaneously,   such as statistical-mechanical Monte Carlo studies or molecular   dynamics simulations, are particularly appropriate for   implementation on parallel machines.   I plan to devote my   graduate and postgraduate work to the theoretical study and   computational modeling of these many-body systems.      In preparation for this work, I have developed a strong   background in mathematics and computer science in addition to my   coursework in chemistry.   Given the current demand for increased   computing capacity, this background should prove beneficial.   For example, while recent advances in computer hardware alone   promise potential tenfold increases in speed, truly significant   jumps in computing power (speedups of, say, a thousandfold) will   require changes in currently available programming environments   and the reformulation of popular simulation algorithms.   Furthermore, until highly-parallel machines become widely   available, even modest increases in capacity will depend in part   upon the innovative use of existing hardware through the   continued modification of available software and the development   of new algorithms.   My elective work in computer science and   mathematics should prove useful for both the revision of   existin g programs and the eventual development of new programs   and languages specifically designed for the parallel   architecture of tomorrow's supercomputers.      After completing my doctoral work, I plan to seek employment as   a university professor.

First Chapter of Lord of the Flies Essay

The first chapter of Lord Of the Flies introduces Ralph at the very start roaming the jungle. This contributes to the mysteriousness of the literature. Not telling you where he came from or why he is there makes the story enticing and entertaining. The author was adding to the rising action. The setting in the very beginning was the Jungle. After Ralph walks for a small amount of time, a voice calls out to him asking for help, and to wait up. This is another way to make the story seem mysterious. He learns it is a boy with the nickname Piggy. Piggy joins Ralph and they walk to a lagoon. There they find a conch shell and Ralph blows through the conch which then calls on an large amount of boys. The author most likely added this to make another curve to the story. To show how much about the place Ralph and Piggy didn’t know. When the large group arrived, a boy named Jack Merridew asked where the ship was, and where an adult was. This showed how ignorant Ralph was because he had no clue what the conch sound meant to the people that were already there. Then Johnny and the twins Sam and Eric arrived along with many other younger and older boys. They talk as if they all have an education which shows they were also put here, not born here. The dialog seems modern and easily understandable, which shows that the setting is more recent than historical. Ralph is voted leader and commands that they explore to see if where they are is an island. Accompanying Ralph is Simon and Jack. Piggy is left behind to log names, which upsets him. The reason the author wrote about the exploration is to show the others don’t know where they are either. Throughout the venture, the boys are faced with a series of things in their path. They push a boulder off a cliff. The author most likely added this to show they weren’t hopelessly stranded on the island. The end of the chapter the boys realized they were hungry. They searched for food and found a pig, in the grips of the ‘creepers’. The author didn’t explain what the creepers were and it made it much more elusive. Jack fails to stab the pig quick enough and he made up excuses as to why he couldn’t. It shows that he isn’t nearly as tough as he lead on to be. He slams his knife into the tree to show he is in fact still the alpha male. The first chapter left many unanswered questions.

Black is Beautiful

No matter how cliche it may be, black people are indeed beautiful. In the sense that black race exists in almost all parts of the world. In addition, their race plays a significant part of the world’s history, as much as the world has been an important part of theirs.The people of various countries contributed a great deal in building black people’s self perception, as well as the impression they project to the society. With all the triumph and misery they have faced, they have developed a thinking that made them stand out. Evident even in their pieces of literature, are their desire to be noted as a powerful race, equal to any other race, and despite the slavery and mockery, they are very proud of who they are. The poem, â€Å"Primer for Blacks†, by Gwendolyn Brooks – the first black poetess who won the Pulitzer Prize – speaks of how being black should be embraced.That it is not merely having dark complexion, but it is also a mind set. Black people should be mindful that their people are equal to those who regard them as an inferior race (Brooks). â€Å"The conscious shout of the slack in Black isâ€Å"It's Great to be white. † Thus all that is white has white strength and yours. † (Brooks) This stanza states that blacks may say that they are also white. It may be interpreted as having gone through suffering, their race rose with the strength and capability that any ordinary white man might have been able to do.Given the same sensibility and abilities, it is but righteous to assert that they are as superior as any other race, and thus should be perceived and accepted as so by the society and more importantly, themselves (Brooks). â€Å"I am a black woman tall as a cypress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦indestructible Look on me and be renewed† (Evans) Another renowned African-American writer, Mari Evans, wrote â€Å"I am a Black Woman†. Unlike Brooks’ poem, which pertained to all black people, Evans poem pres ented all the different aspects of a Black woman’s strength that should be greatly appreciated.Although it pertained to the women of the race alone, it still did not fail to extend the core truths that Brooks mentioned in her poem; that they have suffered in the hands of other races, through slavery and discrimination and yet they stand tall and proud.The hardships of their lives made them invincible and as such are fountains of hope and inspiration that may be an envied by other races (Evans). â€Å"I’ve been a singer: All the way from Africa to Georgia I carried my sorrow songs. I made ragtime. † (Hughes)A third poem that presents the great pride in being black is Langston Hughes’ â€Å"Negro†. Like the two earlier given poems, it spoke of the capability of blacks to survive trying times and to survive it with dignity, a feat that should be acknowledged.It presented the dark times that black people have suffered under different races; how they we re servants even in the earliest time recorded in history and how they remained to be discriminated until the present. However, through the use of irony, the poem was able to share how the blacks remain majestic even under slavery. They have made architectural history during their enslavement in Egypt and they have opened a new genre of music with their woes.These achievements prove that their effort and patience in the time of their bondage, paid off in a way that allowed them to claim that as the night, the blacks will continue to live for another day (Hughes).â€Å"I am a Negro Black as the night is black† (Hughes) Like the night that inevitably comes after day, the black race is going to remain as part of history. All three poems mentioned their contributions in the civilizations of other races. All poems also mentioned the suffering and bondage that they have gone through, all of which bore fruits of goodness to the history of the people that they have served.It also bro ught about good for them in a way that it has shaped them to be the people they are today. The events in the past gave them the right to be proud of who they are.Like metal is served to heat in order to become firm, their race underwent hardships to become the people who can equal any other race. As such, all three poems showed proof that black people should be accepted and embraced. They should not be judged by their color, but by their contributions in life and history.As such, the black race should be perceived with respect – not only by the whites but by all other races – for who they are and for the things they’ve collectively done for the world’s development.Works Cited Brooks, Gwendolyn. â€Å"Primer for Blacks† 1980. Poetry Foundation. 19 February 2009 .Evans, Mari. â€Å"I am a Black Woman† 1970. Mr. Africa Poetry Lounge. 19 February 2009 .Hughes, Langston. â€Å"Negro†. 1920. Amanda A. 19 February 2009 .